Bird Flu Detected in Domestic Cats for the First Time in India
Neha Madaan / TNN / Updated: February 27, 2025, 15:31 IST
In a significant development, the avian influenza virus (H5N1) has been detected in domestic cats for the first time in India. The cases were reported in Chhindwara district, Madhya Pradesh, raising concerns about the virus's potential to mutate and infect humans. Scientists have identified a specific strain of the virus and noted 27 mutations in the infected cats, prompting calls for enhanced surveillance across poultry, wild birds, mammals, and humans.
Key Details of the Outbreak
The cases were documented in January 2025 by scientists from ICAR-NIHSAD and the Union government's animal husbandry department. Chhindwara, the affected district, borders Nagpur, where several big cats died of bird flu in December 2024. The virus detected in the domestic cats belongs to the 2.3.2.1a lineage, a variant of H5N1 that has previously caused outbreaks in poultry across India.
All infected cats exhibited symptoms such as high fever, loss of appetite, and lethargy, succumbing to the illness within one to three days after sample collection. The study highlights the virus's ability to jump between species, emphasizing the need for vigilance.
Concerns Over Mutation and Human Transmission
"H5N1 is traditionally an avian virus, but certain mutations enable it to replicate in mammalian hosts. This adaptability is concerning because influenza viruses have the potential to trigger pandemics, as seen with Covid-19," a scientist involved in the study explained.
Virologist Jacob John warned, "Although human infections have been rare, we must anticipate the virus adapting to efficient transmission to and between humans. Human-to-human transmission is still not efficient, but ongoing changes in the virus signal the need for vigilance and preparedness, even for a potential pandemic."
John further cautioned, "H5N1 is new for humans. We do not have immunity against it. If human-to-human transmission becomes efficient, as an extension of the present pattern of mammalian transmission, it could become a significant concern."
Call for Enhanced Surveillance
The study underscores the importance of increased monitoring of domestic poultry, wild birds, mammals, and humans to track the virus's spread and mutations. Scientists stress the need for proactive measures to prevent a potential global outbreak.
This unprecedented detection of bird flu in domestic cats highlights the evolving nature of the virus and the importance of staying prepared for emerging public health threats.
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About the Author
Neha Madaan is a senior feature writer at The Times of India, Pune. With an MA in Mass Communication and Journalism from the University of Pune, she covers a wide range of topics, including tourism, heritage conservation, civic issues, environment, astronomy, and social issues related to persons with disabilities. Her interests also include metaphysical research and animal rights.
